- Literary Analysis (40 – 55%)
- An ability to interpret given passages of prose and poetry. Such questions may involve recognition of conventions and genres, allusions and references, meaning and tone, grammatical structures and rhetorical strategies, and literary techniques.
- Identification (15 – 20%)
- Recognition of date, author or work by style and/or content (for literary theory identifications see IV below).
- Cultural and Historical Contexts (20 – 25%)
- Questions on literary, cultural and intellectual history as well as identification of author or work through a critical statement or biographical information. Also identification of details of character, plot or setting of a work.
- History and Theory of Literary Criticism (10 – 15%)
- Identification and analysis of the characteristics and methods of various critical and theoretical approaches.
The literary-historical scope of the test follows the distribution below.
- I. Continental, Classical, and Comparative Literature through 1925 5–10%
- II. British Literature to 1660 (including Milton) 25–30%
- III. British Literature 1660–1925 25–35%
- IV. American Literature through 1925 15–25%
- V. American, British, and World Literatures after 1925 20–30%
Because examinees tend to remember most vividly questions that proved troublesome, they may feel that the test has included or emphasized those areas in which they are least prepared. Students taking the GRE® Literature in English Test should remember that in a test of this many questions, much of the material presents no undue difficulty. The very length and scope of the examination eventually work to the benefit of students and give them an opportunity to demonstrate what they do know. No one is expected to answer all the questions correctly; in fact, it is possible to achieve the maximum score without answering all the questions correctly.
The committee that develops the test is aware of the limitations of the multiple-choice format, particularly for testing competence in literary study. An examination of this kind provides no opportunity for the student to formulate a critical response or support a generalization, and, inevitably, it sacrifices depth to range of coverage. However, in a testing program designed for a wide variety of students with differing preparations, the use of a large number of short, multiple-choice questions has proved to be the most effective and reliable way of providing a fair and valid examination.
The committee considers the test an instrument by which to offer supplementary information about students. In no way is the examination intended to minimize the importance of the students' college records or the recommendations of the faculty members who have had the opportunity to work closely with the students. The committee assumes that those qualities and skills not measured by a multiple-choice test are reflected in a student's academic record and recommendations. However, the test may help to place students in a national perspective or add another dimension to their profiles.
A test intended to meet the needs of a particular department should be constructed specifically to measure the knowledge and skills the department considers important. A standardized test, such as the GRE Literature in English Test, allows comparisons of students from different institutions with different programs on one measure of competence in literature. Ideally, a department should not only investigate the relationships between the success of students in advanced study and several measures of competence, but also conduct a systematic evaluation of the test's predictive effectiveness after accumulating sufficient records of the graduate work of its students.