Option(D) is correct This sentence is built around the comparative idiom just as x, so y. As with any other comparative idiom, the two parts being compared (i.e., x and y) must be grammatically parallel. In the original sentence, x (listening to Franklin D. Roosevelt's famous fireside chats) is not parallel to y (Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address). These two elements can be made parallel by changing y to reading Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address. Notice the parallelism with the new paragraph structure: listening to Franklin D. Roosevelt's famous fireside chats reading Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address The sentence could be made more parallel by re-writing the immense strife and challenge America faced in the post-Civil War era to match the format of the non-underlined portion (the 1930s, an era...). In other words, for these two sections to be parallel, the time period should come first followed by a description of that time period. Notice the parallelism with the new paragraph structure: the 1930s, an era marked by incredible domestic economic distress the post-Civil War era, a time of immense domestic challenge and strife. A. The idiom just as x, so y does not compare parallel elements; the description of the 1930s is not parallel to the description of post-Civil War America B. The idiom just as x, so y is broken as the word so is omitted; parallel elements are not compared in that listening to Franklin D. Roosevelt's famous fireside chats is compared to Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address; C. The idiom just as x, so y is broken as the word so is omitted D. The idiom just as x, so y is properly maintained; parallel elements are compared in both x (listening...) and y (reading...) and in the description of the 1930s (domestic economic distress) and the post-Civil War era (domestic challenge and strife) E. The description of the 1930s is not parallel to the description of post-Civil War America

Option(E) is correct This question focuses on verb tense and agreement, as well as general rhetorical construction. In this sentence all of the verbs agree with their subjects. However, the phrase before reaching the stomach does not have a clear subject. It appears to modify they, the chickens, instead of food. The present tense verb swallow should be replaced with the present perfect verb have swallowed in order to indicate that the swallowing occurred before the use of the stones. A. The phrase before reaching the stomach does not have a clear subject. It appears to modify they, the chickens, instead of food. The present tense verb swallow should be replaced with the present perfect verb have swallowed in order to indicate that the swallowing occurred before the use of the stones. B. The singular verb is does not agree with the plural subject stones. Is should be in the plural form are. C. swallow should be in past perfect have swallowed D. The phrase before reaching the stomach does not have a clear subject. It appears to modify they, the chickens, instead of food. The singular verb is does not agree with the plural noun stones. Is should be in the plural form are. E. This sentence is correct as is. In this sentence all of the verbs agree with their subjects and are in the correct tenses. The modifying phrases do not allow for any confusion.

Option(C) is correct The subjunctive expression ‘insisted that the author pay’ is correct in C. A, B and D are wrong because they incorrectly insert ‘should’. E is incorrect because the ‘unwilling to shoulder the entire risk’ is incorrectly attributed to the author (dangling modifier problem).

Option(B) is correct Answer choice B is best mainly because it is short and direct.

Option(E) is correct Franklin Roosevelt did two things to set the United States on a course to propel itself out of the depression: (1) confronting a devastated economy (2) improving the morale of the demoralized country. Both these two actions and the list of steps taken to accomplish them need to be parallel. Since the first action (followed with its list of steps) is introduced with by the second action (followed with its list of steps) should also be introduced with by. The correct insertion into the underlined portion of the sentence should begin with and launching massive since this is the third and final step in the list of actions taken to confront a devastated economy. The correct sentence should read: By confronting a devastated economy through {list of actions in parallel}, and by improving the morale of a demoralized nation through {list of actions in parallel} The correct sentence should read: By confronting a devastated economy through actions such as creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, opening the Securities and Exchange Commission, suspending the gold standard, and launching massive public works programs, and by improving the morale of a demoralized nation through his fireside chats, First Inaugural address, and other motivational speeches, Franklin Roosevelt both... A. the sentence is not parallel (i.e., the phrase by confronting x through y...and improving m through n is not parallel); the word and should be inserted before the word launching since launching describes the third and final step in the first series of actions Franklin Roosevelt took B. the sentence is not parallel (i.e., the phrase by confronting x through y...and improving m through n is not parallel) C. this sentence carries a pernicious distortion of meaning as the phrase a demoralized nation through is replaced with the phrase a nation demoralized through, which distorts the sentence to mean that Roosevelt's speeches were the source of the nation's demoralization D. the phrase through the launch of takes away the parallelism of the list of items taken to accomplish the first action (i.e., the phrase creating..., opening..., and through the launch is not parallel) E. the sentence is parallel (i.e., the phrase by confronting x through y...and by improving m through n is parallel)