Science and Technology MCQ Set 13
Showing question 61 to 65 of total 301 MCQs
MCQ Set: 13
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Question No: 61
What is another name for Tabby's star?
- KIC 8462852
- Boyajian’s Star
- Both a and b
- Neither a nor b
Answer and Explanation
Answer: C
Explanation
Unusual dips in brightness shown by the mysterious Tabby’s Star may be caused by an uneven dust cloud moving around the star, say scientists.
This is debunking an imaginative theory that blames a “megastructure” built by an advanced alien civilisation for the phenomenon.
Called KIC 8462852, also known as Boyajian’s Star, or Tabby’s Star, the object has experienced unusual dips in brightness — NASA’s Kepler space telescope even observed dimming of up to 20% over a matter of days.
The star has had much subtler but longer-term enigmatic dimming trends, with one continuing today.
None of this behaviour is expected for normal stars slightly more massive than the Sun.
Speculations have included the idea that the star swallowed a planet that it is unstable, and a theory that a giant contraption built by an advanced civilisation could be harvesting energy from the star, causing its brightness to decrease.
Researcher found that the cause of the dimming over long periods is likely an uneven dust cloud moving around the star.
They found less dimming in the infrared light from the star than in its ultraviolet light.
Any object larger than dust particles would dim all wavelengths of light equally when passing in front of Tabby’s Star.
This pretty much rules out the alien megastructure theory, as that could not explain the wavelength-dependent dimming.
Instead, there is a cloud of dust orbiting the star with a roughly 700-day orbital period.
Researchers observed Tabby’s Star in ultraviolet using Swift, and in infrared using Spitzer.
Supplementing the space telescopes, they also observed the star in visible light during the same period using AstroLAB IRIS, a public observatory with a 68 centimetre reflecting telescope located near the Belgian village of Zillebeke.
Based on the strong ultraviolet dip, the researchers determined the blocking particles must be bigger than interstellar dust, small grains that could be located anywhere between Earth and the star.
Such small particles could not remain in orbit around the star because pressure from its starlight would drive them farther into space.
Dust that orbits a star, called circumstellar dust, is not so small it would fly away, but also not big enough to uniformly block light in all wavelengths.
Question No: 62
Embryo transfer technology is part of which national mission in 2017?
- National Mission on Bovine Productivity
- National Mission on Cattle Productivity
- National Mission on Agricultural Productivity
- National Mission on Family Planning
Answer and Explanation
Answer: A
Explanation
Embryo transfer technology (ETT) has revolutionized the breeding strategies in Bovines as a tool to optimize the genetic improvement in cattle.
Department of Animal husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries in co-operation with 12 States has undertaken a Mass Embryo Transfer programme in Indigenous Breeds under the scheme, National Mission on Bovine Productivity.
It has been planned to carry out 440 embryo transfers during October 2-10, 2017 throughout the country.
The programme is implemented with the objective of conservation and development of indigenous breeds under Rashtriya Gokul Mission.
Through the use of ETT, (i) a farmer can get a 5-6 fold increase in number of offsprings, (ii) the calves so born will be of high genetic merit and (iii) the offsprings born will be free from diseases.
The programme has been initiated in 12 ETT centres across the country from 2nd October and will continue till 10th October 2017.
Under this programme, embryos of higher genetic merit indigenous bovines are being transferred in to surrogate cows.
Embryos of Indigenous breeds such as Sahiwal, Gir, Red Sindhi, Ongole, Deoni and Vechur have been proposed to be transferred under this programme.
On first day of ET programme held on 2nd October, 35 Nos. of embryos were transferred in to recipients.
Remaining will be transferred on different days till 10th of October 2017.
The technology now being taken up to the doorstep of the farmers will result in rapid propagation of high genetic merit indigenous cattle.
Question No: 63
IIT-Gandhinagar has developed which datasets to monitor weather conditions in South Asia?
- Heat and cold waves
- Precipitation
- Temperature and Drought
- All of the above
Answer and Explanation
Answer: D
Explanation
Near real-time monitoring of drought at a 5-km scale that will help policy makers in water management at a district level is now possible, thanks to tools developed and made available online by researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar.
The researchers offer precipitation and temperature datasets and drought indicators available from 1980 to April 2017 covering the entire South Asian region.
The data will be updated weekly.
Besides drought, the datasets can also be used for monitoring heat and cold waves in South Asia.
We don’t know whether a particular region is in drought as we don’t have real-time rainfall and temperature data at appropriate scale.
IMD [Indian Meteorology Department] provides daily rainfall data mainly during the monsoon season.
There’s no real-time information at high-resolution about drought after the monsoon season.
IMD’s drought information is based only on rainfall data and does not incorporate the role of air temperature.
But higher temperature after the monsoon season can cause drought-like situation due to increased evaporation and transpiration losses.
Datasets on Drought: Know More
The team wanted to provide information in near real-time on whether a region of interest is under drought and what part of a district or sub-basin is under drought.
The emphasis was to develop a dataset at a finer resolution (5 km) as the data provided by IMD and other agencies is coarse (resolution of 25 km).
The researchers used CHIRPS global rainfall data which are available at 5 km resolution and corrected the data for bias and errors.
CHIRPS stands for Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station.
The precipitation dataset at a finer resolution of 5 km over the entire South Asian region was evaluated against a standard rainfall database (APHRODITE) that is available for South Asia and satellite-based information.
Earlier studies have shown that the Aphrodite database matches the IMD rainfall data quite well.
The drought indices — standardised precipitation index and standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index — were estimated using the bias-corrected, high-resolution data and evaluated against satellite-based drought products.
The validation gives the confidence that the dataset can indicate the severity and extent of drought at a district and sub-basin level in south Asia.
The researchers used the drought indices to assess severity and extent of drought in 2015 for a four-month period from June to September.
The developed dataset and drought indicators performed well over the South Asian region.
Apart from IMD, this is an additional effort to provide more real-time information on drought that can be used for decision-making.
Question No: 64
Which is Japan's biggest nuclear power plant?
- Kashiwazaki-Kariwa
- Higashi Dori-1
- Shika
- Hamaoka
Answer and Explanation
Answer: A
Explanation
Japan's nuclear regulator has given an initial approval for the reactivation of two nuclear reactors that were shut down after the catastrophic Fukushima nuclear plant disaster in 2011.
The Nuclear Regulation Authority voted unanimously Oct 4 that the two reactors at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear plant, operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, had met new stricter safety standards imposed after the Fukushima disaster.
The Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, located in Niigata prefecture, is one of the world's largest nuclear plants, and the biggest in Japan.
A powerful 9.0 magnitude earthquake in March 2011 triggered a massive tsunami that killed 20,000 people and caused the meltdown of Fukushima's three nuclear reactors in northeastern Japan, making it the world's worst nuclear crisis since the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
The Fukushima disaster forced the closure of all of Japan's nuclear plants, and there remains widespread public opposition to restarting the plants.
But Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has been pushing for a gradual return to nuclear power.
TEPCO is aiming to restart the plants to raise the funds needed to compensate hundreds of thousands of residents displaced by the Fukushima accident.
It will likely take several months before TEPCO gets final approval to restart the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant.
Question No: 65
Scientists have used which technology that can turn everyday objects into remote controls for televisions?
- Matchpoint
- Volumepoint
- Channelpoint
- Menupoint
Answer and Explanation
Answer: A
Explanation
Scientists have developed a technology that can turn everyday objects - such as teacups or toy cars - into remote controls for televisions.
Researchers said the ‘Matchpoint’ technology, which only requires a simple webcam, works by displaying moving targets that orbit a small circular widget in the corner of the TV screen.
These targets correspond to different functions - such as volume, changing channel or viewing a menu.
The user synchronises the direction of movement of the target, with their hand, head or an object, to achieve what researchers call ‘spontaneous spatial coupling’, which activates the desired function.
Unlike existing gesture control technology, the software does not look for a specific body part - such as a hand - it has been trained to identify.
The technology looks for rotating movement so it does not require calibration, or the software to have prior knowledge of objects.
This provides much more flexibility and ease for the user as it works even while hands are full.
When selecting volume adjustment or channel selection, sliders appear.
The user moves their hand, head, or object, in the required direction indicated by the slider to change the volume or to find the desired channel.
As well as televisions, the technology can also be used with other screens.
Multiple pointers can be created to allow more than one user to point at drawings or pictures on interactive whiteboards simultaneously.
Matchpoint also allows users to manipulate images on whiteboards by using two hands to zoom in and out, and rotate images.
In addition to short-term couplings, users can also link stationary objects to controls, which even when left for prolonged periods will retain their control function.