All viruses have a protein capsid or head region that contains genetic material. The genetic material can be either DNA, RNA, or even in some cases a limited number of enzymes. Some viruses also have an elaborate protein tail region. The tail aids in binding to the surface of the host cell and penetrating the surface of the host so that the virus’s genetic material can be introduced.
Though the details of virus infection and replication vary greatly with the type of host a particular virus attacks, all viruses share four basic steps in their replication cycles:
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