Points on the two-dimensional coordinate plane are defined with
two coordinates: (x, y). The x-coordinate
measures the horizontal distance from the y-axis. The y-coordinate
measures the vertical distance from the x-axis.
By convention, the axes cross at the coordinates
(0, 0). The x-coordinate increases to the right, and the
y-coordinate increases upward.
So, a point with coordinates (5, –4) lies
5 units along the x-axis to the right of (0, 0) and 4 units
along the y-axis downward, below the x-axis.
Because the axes cross at (0, 0) the coordinate
plane is divided into quadrants. x and y are both
positive in the upper right quadrant, while both x and
y are negative in the lower left quadrant. In the upper
left quadrant, x is negative and y is positive, and in
the lower right quadrant x is positive and y is
negative.
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