Whole numbers on a number line
Why, you see your whole numbers. You see 0 in the middle of the number line. To the right, you see your positive numbers. Going to the right from 0, we have 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on. You keep going to the right and your numbers keep getting bigger.
Going to the left from 0, we have our negative numbers, and these keep getting more and more negative. We have -1, -2, -3 and so on. So, if we wanted to find the number 5, for instance, what do you think we would have to do? Yes, we would go the right 5 spaces from 0 to find our 5.
To plot whole numbers, we use a similar procedure. If we wanted to plot 3, we would start at 0 and then go three spaces to the right to find where our 3 is located. At this point, we place our dot.
Decimals and Fractions on the Number Line
Now, what about decimals (numbers with a decimal point) and fractions (numbers representing a part of a whole)? How do we find and plot these numbers? For these types of numbers, first we have to realize that they tell you that your number is more than a whole number. These numbers have a part of a whole number included. For example, the decimal 3.5 tells you that you have three whole things and then half a thing. If we thought about it in terms of pies, we would have three whole pies and then half of a pie. So, the numbers after the decimal point tell you how much of another whole you have - how much of another pie you have.
Fractions are related to decimals, as you can go back and forth between fractions and most decimals. For example, the fraction 3 1/2 can be converted to our decimal 3.5. We made the conversion by dividing the 1 and the 2 and then adding it to the 3. This is the kind of conversion we would make for mixed fractions. If we had the fraction 7/2, on the other hand, we would do a straight division to find our decimal. 7 divided by 2 is also 3.5. All these numbers are the same.
The way that makes the most sense for me when looking for fractions on a number line is to convert these to decimals first and then to look for them. And this is what I want you to do. Convert your fractions to decimal before working with them on the number line.
To find your decimal or fraction turned into a decimal on the number line, we first find our whole number part and then we figure out how much more we need to go for the part after the decimal, the part of a whole. For example, to find the number 3.5, we first find our 3. We find this by going 3 spaces to the right of 0. Now we need to figure out how much we have to go to account for the .5 after the three. To do this, we can put little slash marks between our 3 and 4 to divide this section into 10 spaces.
Put slash marks on the number line to find decimals.
We would end up putting down 9 equally spaced tick marks to divide this area into 10 equal spaces. Now we can count and find the fifth tick mark to find our .5. If our decimal was 3.53, we would do what we did to find 3.5, and then we would divide the next space into 10 spaces just like we did to find the .5 so we can find our .53. Make these tick marks little so you can tell that these are even smaller than the other tick marks you drew. Our .53 would then be the third little tick mark after our .5
To plot these numbers, you first find them on the number line, then you draw a point at that spot. So, to plot the number 3.5, you first find it and then you place a nice big dot at that location.
Comparing the Numbers on the Number Line
Now that you know how to find and plot numbers, let's talk about comparing these numbers. Let's say you want to compare the numbers 5 and 6.5. You would first plot both of these numbers by finding them and then putting a dot on them. Label these dots so you know which number is which.
Now your job is to see which one is bigger. Because our number line gets bigger when you go to the right, the dot that is to the right of the other dot will be bigger. So, comparing our numbers 5 and 6.5, we see that 6.5 is bigger than 5. 5, then, is smaller than 6.5. And there we have it. This is how you use a number line to compare numbers.
Lesson Summary
So, now let's review what we've learned. We learned how to plot whole numbers (or counting numbers), decimals (numbers with a decimal point), and fractions (numbers representing a part of a whole) on a number line, a line with numbers placed in order in regular intervals. We learned that on a number line, the number 0 is in the middle. The numbers get higher and higher going to the right. The numbers get smaller and smaller going to the left. To the left of the 0 are my negative numbers and to the right of my 0 are my positive numbers.
To plot numbers on the number line, we first find our number on the number line and then place a dot on it. We can label our point with the number we have just plotted. To compare two or more numbers with each other, we plot them on the number line and then compare where they are in relation to each other. If one dot is to the right of the other dots, it is larger than the others. If the dot is to the left, it is smaller than the others. Just remember, going to the right on the number line gets you to larger numbers and going to the left gets you to smaller numbers.